無縫鋼管的制造工藝

　　1.熱軋(擠壓無縫鋼管)：圓(yuan)管坯→加(jia)熱→穿孔→三輥斜軋、連(lian)軋或擠壓→脫管→定徑(或減徑)→冷(leng)卻→矯(jiao)直→水壓試驗(或探傷)→標(biao)記→入庫

　　軋制無縫管的原料是(shi)圓(yuan)管(guan)坯(pi)，圓(yuan)管(guan)胚要經(jing)過切割機(ji)的切割加(jia)(jia)工成(cheng)長度(du)約為1米(mi)的坯(pi)料，并(bing)經(jing)傳送(song)(song)帶(dai)送(song)(song)到熔(rong)爐(lu)內加(jia)(jia)熱(re)。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)坯(pi)被送(song)(song)入(ru)(ru)熔(rong)爐(lu)內加(jia)(jia)熱(re)，溫(wen)度(du)大約為1200攝氏度(du)。燃料為氫氣(qi)或(huo)乙炔。爐(lu)內溫(wen)度(du)控制是(shi)關(guan)鍵性的問題(ti).圓(yuan)管(guan)坯(pi)出(chu)爐(lu)后(hou)(hou)要經(jing)過壓(ya)力穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)進行穿(chuan)(chuan)空。一般較常見的穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)是(shi)錐形(xing)輥穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)，這(zhe)種穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)生產效率高，產品質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)好(hao)，穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)擴徑(jing)量(liang)(liang)大，可穿(chuan)(chuan)多種鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)種。穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)后(hou)(hou)，圓(yuan)管(guan)坯(pi)就(jiu)(jiu)先后(hou)(hou)被三(san)輥斜軋、連軋或(huo)擠壓(ya)。擠壓(ya)后(hou)(hou)要脫(tuo)管(guan)定徑(jing)。定徑(jing)機(ji)通(tong)過錐形(xing)鉆(zhan)頭高速(su)旋(xuan)轉入(ru)(ru)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)胚打孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，形(xing)成(cheng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)內徑(jing)由定徑(jing)機(ji)鉆(zhan)頭的外徑(jing)長度(du)來(lai)確定。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)經(jing)定徑(jing)后(hou)(hou)，進入(ru)(ru)冷(leng)卻塔中(zhong)，通(tong)過噴水(shui)冷(leng)卻，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)經(jing)冷(leng)卻后(hou)(hou)，就(jiu)(jiu)要被矯直。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)經(jing)矯直后(hou)(hou)由傳送(song)(song)帶(dai)送(song)(song)至金屬探傷(shang)機(ji)(或(huo)水(shui)壓(ya)實驗)進行內部(bu)探傷(shang)。若鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)內部(bu)有(you)裂紋，氣(qi)泡等(deng)問題(ti)，將被探測出(chu)。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)質(zhi)檢后(hou)(hou)還(huan)要通(tong)過嚴格的手(shou)工挑選。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)質(zhi)檢后(hou)(hou)，用油漆(qi)噴上(shang)編號、規格、生產批號等(deng)。并(bing)由吊車(che)吊入(ru)(ru)倉庫中(zhong)。

　　2.冷拔(軋)無縫鋼管：圓管(guan)坯→加熱(re)(re)→穿孔→打(da)頭→退火(huo)→酸洗→涂(tu)油(you)(鍍(du)銅(tong))→多道次(ci)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)拔(冷(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya))→坯管(guan)→熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)→矯直(zhi)→水(shui)壓試驗(探傷)→標記→入(ru)庫。冷(leng)(leng)(leng)拔(軋(ya))無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼管(guan)的(de)軋(ya)制方法(fa)較(jiao)熱(re)(re)軋(ya)(擠壓無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼管(guan))復(fu)雜(za)。它(ta)們的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)藝流(liu)程(cheng)前三(san)步基本相(xiang)同。不(bu)同之(zhi)處(chu)(chu)從第四(si)個步驟(zou)開(kai)始，圓管(guan)坯經打(da)空(kong)后(hou)，要打(da)頭，退火(huo)。退火(huo)后(hou)要用專門的(de)酸性液體進行酸洗。酸洗后(hou)，涂(tu)油(you)。然(ran)后(hou)緊接著是經過(guo)多道次(ci)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)拔(冷(leng)(leng)(leng)軋(ya))再坯管(guan)，專門的(de)熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)。熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)后(hou)，就(jiu)要被矯直(zhi)。