熱門關鍵詞:無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)管,無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管,厚(hou)壁鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管,無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管廠(chang)家(jia),厚(hou)壁無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)管,厚(hou)壁無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管,無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)管廠(chang)家(jia),厚(hou)壁鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管廠(chang)家(jia),無(wu)(wu)錫(xi)(xi)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管廠(chang),厚(hou)壁管,山東無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管,山東無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管廠(chang),無(wu)(wu)錫(xi)(xi)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管
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45#鋼管簡介
45#鋼管通常適用無縫鋼管的材質,無縫鋼管又分為GB8162、GB8163這兩個常用的,但45#鋼只有GB8162才有,45#是機械加工的一種(zhong)常用材質。
首先來(lai)說20#和(he)45#鋼(gang)的(de)(de)c、Si、Mn、P、S含(han)量不(bu)同,45要(yao)高(gao)于20#鋼(gang),你可(ke)以買本鋼(gang)材(cai)知識手冊看一下。20#鋼(gang)淬透(tou)(tou)性(xing)、淬硬性(xing)低、塑性(xing)、韌性(xing)、焊接性(xing)好,熱(re)軋(ya)或正火(huo)后韌性(xing)更好,可(ke)制作不(bu)太重要(yao)的(de)(de)中(zhong)、小(xiao)型(xing)滲碳(tan)、碳(tan)氮共(gong)滲件、鍛壓件,如杠(gang)桿軸、變速箱變速叉、齒輪,重型(xing)機械拉桿、鉤(gou)環等。45#鋼(gang)是常用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)碳(tan)調質鋼(gang),綜合力學(xue)性(xing)能(neng)良好,淬透(tou)(tou)性(xing)低,水淬時易(yi)生(sheng)裂紋。小(xiao)型(xing)件宜采用(yong)(yong)調質處(chu)理,大型(xing)件宜采用(yong)(yong)正火(huo)處(chu)理,主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)于制造強度高(gao)的(de)(de)運動件,如透(tou)(tou)平機葉輪、壓縮機活(huo)塞。軸、齒輪、齒條(tiao)、蝸桿等。
它們通常適用無縫鋼管的 材質,無縫鋼管又分為GB8162、GB8163這兩個常用的,但45#鋼只有GB8162才有,45#是機械加工的一種常用材質。45#鋼管含碳量(liang)在0.45%左右,含有小(xiao)量(liang)的錳,硅等,硫磷含量(liang)較低(di)的優質(zhi)碳素(su)結構(gou)鋼(gang)。
45#鋼管生產工藝
(GB/T14975-2002)是廣泛用于化工、石油、輕紡、醫療、食品、機械等工業的耐腐蝕管道和結構件及零件的不銹鋼制成的熱軋(擠、擴)和冷拔(軋)。推薦熱處理溫度:正火850,淬火840,回火600. 45號鋼為(wei)(wei) 優(you)質(zhi)碳(tan)素(su)結構用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang) ,硬(ying)(ying)度(du)不高(gao)易切削加工(gong),模具中常(chang)用(yong)(yong)來做模板,梢子,導柱等,但須熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li) 。 1. 45號鋼(gang)(gang)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)后沒(mei)有回火(huo)(huo)之(zhi)前,硬(ying)(ying)度(du)大于HRC55(最(zui)高(gao)可(ke)達(da)HRC62)為(wei)(wei)合格。 實際應(ying)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高(gao)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)為(wei)(wei)HRC55(高(gao)頻淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)HRC58)。 2. 45號鋼(gang)(gang)不要采(cai)用(yong)(yong)滲碳(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)工(gong)藝。 調質(zhi)處(chu)(chu)理(li)后零件(jian)具有良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合機械性能(neng),廣(guang)泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于各種重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構零件(jian),特別是那些(xie)在(zai)交(jiao)變負荷下工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)連桿(gan)、螺(luo)栓、齒輪及軸類等。但表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)較(jiao)低(di),不耐磨。可(ke)用(yong)(yong)調質(zhi)+表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)提高(gao)零件(jian)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)。 滲碳(tan)處(chu)(chu)理(li)一(yi)般(ban)用(yong)(yong)于表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)耐磨、芯部(bu)耐沖擊的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)載(zai)零件(jian),其耐磨性比調質(zhi)+表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)高(gao)。其表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)含碳(tan)量0.8--1.2%,芯部(bu)一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)0.1--0.25%(特殊情(qing)況下采(cai)用(yong)(yong)0.35%)。經熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)后,表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)可(ke)以獲得(de)很(hen)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)(HRC58--62),芯部(bu)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)低(di),耐沖擊。 如果用(yong)(yong)45號鋼(gang)(gang)滲碳(tan),淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)后芯部(bu)會出現(xian)硬(ying)(ying)脆(cui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)馬氏(shi)體(ti),失去滲碳(tan)處(chu)(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)點。現(xian)在(zai)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)滲碳(tan)工(gong)藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料,含碳(tan)量都(dou)不高(gao),到(dao)0.30%芯部(bu)強度(du)已經可(ke)以達(da)到(dao)很(hen)高(gao),應(ying)用(yong)(yong)上不多見。0.35%從來沒(mei)見過實例,只在(zai)教科書里有介紹(shao)。可(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)(yong)調質(zhi)+高(gao)頻表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝,耐磨性較(jiao)滲碳(tan)略(lve)差。 GB/T699-1999標(biao)準規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)45鋼(gang)(gang)推薦熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)制度(du)為(wei)(wei)850℃正火(huo)(huo)、840℃淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)、600℃回火(huo)(huo),達(da)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)為(wei)(wei)屈服(fu)強度(du)≥355MPa GB/T699-1999標(biao)準規定(ding)45鋼(gang)(gang)抗拉(la)強度(du)為(wei)(wei)600MPa,屈服(fu)強度(du)為(wei)(wei)355MPa,伸長率為(wei)(wei)16%,斷面(mian)(mian)(mian)收縮率為(wei)(wei)40%,沖擊功(gong)為(wei)(wei)39J。
45#鋼管用途
一(yi)、軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)類(lei)(lei)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、結(jie)(jie)構特(te)點及技術(shu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu) 軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)類(lei)(lei)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)是機(ji)器中(zhong)經(jing)常遇到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典型(xing)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之一(yi)。它主要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來支承傳(chuan)動零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),傳(chuan)遞扭矩和(he)(he)承受載荷(he)。軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)類(lei)(lei)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)是旋轉體零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),其長(chang)度大(da)于直(zhi)徑,一(yi)般由同(tong)(tong)心軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外圓柱面、圓錐面、內孔(kong)和(he)(he)螺紋及相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)端面所組(zu)成。根據(ju)結(jie)(jie)構形(xing)狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong),軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)類(lei)(lei)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)可分為光軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、階梯軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、空心軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和(he)(he)曲軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)等(deng)(deng)。 二(er)、軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)類(lei)(lei)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毛(mao)坯(pi)和(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(一(yi))軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)類(lei)(lei)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毛(mao)坯(pi) 軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)類(lei)(lei)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)可根據(ju)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)、生(sheng)產類(lei)(lei)型(xing)、設備條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)及結(jie)(jie)構,選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)棒(bang)料(liao)、鍛(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)(deng)毛(mao)坯(pi)形(xing)式。對(dui)于外圓直(zhi)徑相差不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),一(yi)般以棒(bang)料(liao)為主;而對(dui)于外圓直(zhi)徑相差大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階梯軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)或重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),常選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鍛(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),這樣既節約材(cai)(cai)料(liao)又減少機(ji)械(xie)加工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作量(liang),還可改善機(ji)械(xie)性能。 根據(ju)生(sheng)產規(gui)模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong),毛(mao)坯(pi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍛(duan)造(zao)方式有自(zi)(zi)由鍛(duan)和(he)(he)模(mo)鍛(duan)兩種。中(zhong)小批(pi)生(sheng)產多采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)(zi)由鍛(duan),大(da)批(pi)大(da)量(liang)生(sheng)產時采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)模(mo)鍛(duan)。 (二(er))軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)類(lei)(lei)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao) 軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)類(lei)(lei)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)應根據(ju)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)并(bing)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱處理(li)規(gui)范(如調質、正火(huo)、淬(cui)火(huo)等(deng)(deng)),以獲得一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強度、韌性和(he)(he)耐磨性。
45#鋼管是軸類零件的常用材料,它價格便宜經過調質(或正火)后,可得到較好的切削性能,而且能獲得較高的強度和韌性等綜合機械性能,淬火后表面硬度可達45~52HRC。 40Cr等合金結構鋼適用于中等精度而轉速較高的軸類零件,這類鋼經調質和淬火后,具有較好的綜合機械性能。 軸承鋼GCr15和彈簧鋼65Mn,經調質和表面高頻淬火后,表面硬度可達50~58HRC,并具有較高的耐疲勞性能和較好的耐磨性能,可制造較高精度的軸。 精密機床的主軸(例如磨床砂輪軸、坐標鏜床主軸)可選用38CrMoAIA氮化鋼。這種鋼經調質和表面氮化后,不僅能獲得很高的表面硬度,而且能保持較軟的芯部,因此耐沖擊韌性好。與滲碳淬火鋼比較,它有熱處理變形很小,硬度更高的特性。 45號鋼廣泛用于機(ji)械制(zhi)造,這種鋼(gang)的(de)機(ji)械性(xing)能(neng)很(hen)好。但是(shi)這是(shi)一種中碳(tan)鋼(gang),淬火(huo)性(xing)能(neng)并不好, 45號鋼(gang)可以(yi)淬硬至(zhi)HRC42~46。所以(yi)如(ru)果需要(yao)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)硬度,又(you)希望(wang)發(fa)揮45#鋼(gang)優越的(de)機(ji)械性(xing)能(neng),常將(jiang)45#鋼(gang)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)滲碳(tan)淬火(huo),這樣就(jiu)能(neng)得到(dao)需要(yao)的(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)硬度。
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